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The territory occupied by Monaco was acquired
in 1297 by the house of Grimaldi, a family of Italian origin, who
established it as a principality.
From the mid-16th century the principality was placed under the protection of various surrounding countries until the Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861.
It placed Monaco under the protection of France and recognised the Principality of Monaco as an independent state.
On the 4th of April 1881, Prince Charles III of Monaco adopted the principality’s red over
white bi-colour national flag. |
